Connected television: jurisdictional challenges in a converged media environment

(zie achteraan in PDF met de scriptie voor een bibliografie met volledige opmaak)

5. Bibliography¶

5.1 Legislation¶

5.1.1 European legislation¶

Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, Oj.L. 83, 30 March 2010, 47-199.¶

Charter of fundamental rights of the European Union (2010/C 83/02), Oj.L. 83, 30 March 2010, 389-403.¶

Council Regulation (EC) No 139/2004 of 20 January 2004 on the control of concentrations between undertakings (‘EC Merger Regulation’), Oj.L. 24, 29 January 2004, 1-22.¶

Directive 2010/13/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 10 March 2010 on the coordination of certain provisions laid down by law, regulation or administrative action in Member States concerning the provision of audiovisual media services (‘Audiovisual Media Services Directive’), Oj.L. 95, 15 April 2010, 1-24, err.Oj.L. 263, 6 October 2010.¶

Council Directive 2002/38/EC of 7 May 2002 amending temporarily Directive 77/388/EEC as regards the value added tax arrangements applicable to radio and television broadcasting services and certain electronically supplied services, Oj.L. 128, 15 May 2002, 41-44.¶

Directive 2000/31/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 8 June 2000 on certain legal aspects of information society services, in particular electronic commerce, in the Internal Market ('E-Commerce Directive'), OJ.L 178, 17 July 2000, 1-16. ¶

Directive 95/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 October 1995 on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, OJ.L 281, 23 November 1995, 31-50.¶

Council Directive 89/552/EEC of 3 October 1989 on the coordination of certain provisions laid down by Law, Regulation or Administrative Action in Member States concerning the pursuit of television broadcasting activities (‘Television Without Frontiers Directive’), Oj.L. 298, 17 October 1989, 23-30.¶

Proposal for a Council Decision in the field of information security, COM (90) 314 final, 13 September 1990, 21-22. ¶

Amended Proposal for a Council Directive on the Protection of Individuals with Regard to the Processing of Personal Data and on the Free Movement of Such Data, COM (92) 422 final.¶

Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, 25 January 2012, COM(2012) 11 final, 2012/0011 (COD), {SEC(2012) 72 final} {SEC(2012) 73 final}.¶

5.1.2 National legislation¶

Decreet betreffende de radio-omroep en de televisie van 27 maart 2009, BS 30 April 2009.  (Belgium – Flemish Community)¶

Décret coordonné sur les services de media audiovisuels du 26 mars 2009, BS 24 July 2009. (Belgium – French Community)¶

Wet van 29 december 2008 tot vaststelling van een nieuwe Mediawet. (The Netherlands)¶

Loi n° 86-1067 du 30 septembre 1986 relative à la liberté de communication (‘Loi Léotard’). (France)¶

5.1.3 Policy documents and soft law¶

AGCOM, “Web-radio and Web-TV: F.A.Q.”, www.agcom.it.¶

Article 29 WP, “Working document on determining the international application of EU data protection law to personal data processing on the Internet by non-EU based web sites”, 5035/01/EN/Final WP 56, 6.¶

ATVOD, “Statutory Rules and Non-Binding Guidance for Providers of On-Demand Programme Services (ODPS)”, www.atvod.co.uk.¶

ATVOD, “Guidance on who needs to notify”, Edition 3.1, Originally published on 19 October 2010, republished on 21 March 2011, www.atvod.co.uk.¶

CNC, “Why audiovisual services must be excluded from the scope of the EU-US free trade agreement (FTA)”, 18 March 2013, ukccd.wordpress.com.¶

Council of the European Union, “Press release on the mandate for the EU-US negotiations on the coming Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership”, 14 June 2013, 10862/13 PRESSE 250 PR CO 1, www.consilium.europa.eu¶

CSA (Collège d’autorisation et de contrôle), “Recommandation relative au périmètre de la regulation des services de medias audiovisuels”, 29 March 2012, www.csa.be.¶

CvdM, “Veelgestelde vragen over (aanmelding van) commerciële mediadiensten op aanvraag”, www.cvdm.nl.¶

CvdM, “Regeling van het Commissariaat voor de Media van 22 september 2011 houdende beleidsregels omtrent de classificatie van commerciële mediadiensten op aanvraag zoals bedoeld in artikel 1.1, eerste lid, van de Mediawet 2008 (Beleidsregels classificatie commerciële mediadiensten op aanvraag 2011)”, www.cvdm.nl .¶

Cullen International, “Study on the regulation of broadcasting issues under the new regulatory framework prepared for the European Commission (Information Society and Media Directorate-General)”, 22 December 2006, 161 p., ec.europa.eu.¶

Dutch concept response to the Green Paper Connected TV: “Preparing for a Fully Converged Audiovisual World: Growth, Creation and Values”, 20 p.,  www.rijksoverheid.nl.¶

European Audiovisual Observatory and Direction du Développement des Médias (France), Vidéo à la demande et télévision de rattrapage en Europe, 406 p., www.ddm.gouv.fr.¶

European Commission, Green paper “Preparing for a Fully Converged Audiovisual World: Growth, Creation and Values”, 24 April 2013, COM(2013) 231 final, 1-17. ¶

European Commission, First Report from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions on the application of Directive 2010/13/EU “Audiovisual Media Service Directive” - Audiovisual Media Services and Connected Devices: Past and Future Perspectives. 4 April 2012, COM(2012) 203 final, 1-11.¶

European Commission, Issues Paper for the Liverpool Audiovisual Conference: “Rules applicable to Audiovisual Content Services”, July 2005, 1-8.¶

European Parliament (Committee on Culture and Education), “Draft report on connected TV” (2012/2300(INI)), 31 January 2013.¶

GOP, “The new resolutions of the Italian media authority on the audiovisual media services via the Internet”, 2011, www.gop.it.¶

Ipsos Mori, “Protecting audiences in the era of convergence and connected TV: Ofcom Research, Deliberative Research Report”, 25 January 2012, www.ofcom.org.uk.¶

Ofcom, “The regulation of video on demand services”, 18 December 2009, www.ofcom.org.uk.¶

Trojette, M.A. (reporter), “La télévision connectée, Rapport au ministre de la culture et de la communication et au ministre chargé de l’industrie, de l’énergie et de l’économie numérique”, November 2011, http://www.dgmic.culture.gouv.fr/.¶

5.2 Case law¶

5.2.1 Case law of the General Court and the Court of Justice of the European Union ¶

ECJ C-244/10 and C-245/10, Mesopotamia Broadcast A/S METV and Roj TV A/S v. Bundesrepublik Deutschland, 22 September 2011.¶

ECJ C-324/09, eBay v. L’Oreal, 12 July 2011.¶

ECJ C-517/09, RTL Belgium SA, 22 December 2010. ¶

ECJ C-585/08 and C-144/09, Pammer and Hotel Alpenhof, 7 December 2010.¶

ECJ C-236/08 - C-238/08, Google France, 23 March 2010.¶

ECJ C-89/04, Mediakabel BV v Commissariaat voor de Media, 2 June 2005.¶

ECJ E-8/97, TV1000 Sverige AB v. The Norwegian Government, 12 June 1998 (advisory opinion).¶

ECJ C-34-36/95, Konsumentombudsmannen (KO) v. De Agostini (Svenska) Forlag AV and TV-shop I Sverige AB, 9 July 1997.¶

ECJ C-11/95, Commission v. Belgium, 10 September 1996.¶

ECJ C-23/93, TV10 v. Commissariaat voor de Media, 5 October 1994.¶

ECJ C-221/89, Factortame,  25 July 1991.¶

ECJ C-89/85, Ahlstrom v. Commission (Wood Pulp), 27 September 1988.¶

ECJ C-33/74, Van Binsbergen v. Bestuur van de Bedrijfsvereniging, 3 December 1974.¶

ECJ, C-131/12, Google Spain SL, Google Inc. v Agencia Española de Protección de Datos, Mario Costeja González, Opinion of AG Jaaskinen of 25 June 2013.¶

CFI T-102/96, Gencor Ltd v. Commission, 25 March 1999.¶

(All available from: www.curia.eu)¶

5.2.2 Decisions of national media regulators¶

Ofcom (Top Gear YouTube), appeal against ATVOD Scope determination, 18 January 2013.¶

Ofcom (Nickelodeon, Comedy Central and MTV v. Sky Anytime), appeal against ATVOD Scope determination, 9 July 2012.¶

Ofcom (BBCW on Italian Mediaset), appeal against ATVOD Scope determination, 27 April 2012.¶

Ofcom (Nickelodeon, Paramount and MTV v. Virgin Media), appeal against ATVOD scope determination, 18 January 2012.¶

(All available from www.ofcom.org.uk) ¶

ATVOD (Nickelodeon v. Sky Anytime), Scope determination (reconsideration), 3 October 2012.¶

ATVOD (Comedy Central v. Sky Anytime), Scope determination (reconsideration), 3 October 2012.¶

ATVOD (MTV v. Sky Anytime), Scope determination (reconsideration), 3 October 2012.¶

ATVOD (Coffee Shorts), Scope determination, 12 July 2011.¶

ATVOD (Nickelodeon v. Virgin Media), Scope determination, 6 July 2011.¶

ATVOD (Paramount v. Virgin Media), Scope determination, 6 July 2011.¶

ATVOD (MTV v. Virgin Media), Scope determination, 6 July 2011.¶

ATVOD (BBCW on Italian Mediaset), Scope determination, 11 May 2011.¶

ATVOD (Top Gear YouTube), Scope determination, 3 May 2011.¶

ATVOD (BNP TV), Scope determination, 29 November 2010.¶

(All available from www.atvod.co.uk)¶

CvdM, 28 October 2011 (Ziggo On Demand), www.cvdm.nl.¶

CvdM, 8 May 2012 (smulweb.tv), www.cvdm.nl.¶

5.3 Doctrine¶

5.3.1 Books¶

Castendyk, O., Dommering, E.J. en Scheuer, A. (eds.), European Media Law, Alphen a/d Rijn, Kluwer Law International, 2008, 1379 p.¶

Harrison, J., and Woods, L., European Broadcasting Law, Cambridge University Press, 2007, 388 p.¶

Nikolinakos, N., EU Competition law and regulation in the converging telecommunications, media and IT sectors, Kluwer law international, 2006, 720 p.¶

Scaramozzino, E., La télévision européenne: face à la TV.2.0 ?, Brussels, Larcier, 2012, 200 p.¶

Voorhoof, D., and Valcke, P., Handboek Mediarecht, Brussels, Larcier, 2011, 688 p.¶

5.3.2 Articles   ¶

Arino, M., “Content regulation and new media: a case study of online video portals”, Communications & strategies 2007, nr. 66, 115-135.¶

Arino, M., “Online video content: Regulation 2.0?
An analysis in the context of the new Audiovisual Media Services Directive”, Quaderns del CAC 2007, Issue 29, 3-15.¶

Artymiak, S., “Introduction to different forms of on-demand audiovisual services” in Nikoltchev, S. (ed.), IRIS Special: The regulation of on-demand audiovisual services: chaos or coherence?, Strasbourg, European Audiovisual Observatory, 2011, 31-34.¶

Betzel, M., “Finetuning classification criteria for on-demand audiovisual media services: the Dutch approach” in Nikoltchev, S. (ed.), IRIS Special: The regulation of on-demand audiovisual services: chaos or coherence?, Strasbourg, European Audiovisual Observatory, 2011, 53-62.¶

Bron, C., “Accompanying the transposition of the audiovisual media services directive”, in Nikoltchev, S. (ed.), IRIS Special: Ready, set… Go? – The audiovisual media services directive, Strasbourg, European Audiovisual Observatory, 2009, 9-28.¶

Cole, M.,“The European legal framework for on-demand services: what directive for which services?” in Nikoltchev, S. (ed.), IRIS Special: The regulation of on-demand audiovisual services: chaos or coherence?, Strasbourg, European Audiovisual Observatory, 2011, 35-45.¶

Craufurd Smith, R., “Determining regulatory competence for audiovisual media services in the European Union”,  Journal of Media Law 2011, 3(2), 263-285.¶

Dommering, E.J., “[TWF Directive] Article 2 (Country of Origin Principle)” and “[AVMS Directive] Article 2 (Country of Origin Principle)” in Castendyk, O., Dommering, E.J. and Scheuer, A. (eds.), European Media Law, Alphen a/d Rijn, Kluwer Law International, 2008, 337-357 and 847-850.¶

Drijber, B., “Jurisdictie in de Richtlijn audiovisuele mediadiensten”, Mediaforum (NL) 2008, afl. 2, 62-67.¶

Dumont, C., and Machet, E., “Content Regulation and New Media: Jurisdiction challenges in a VOD environment”, Background document plenary session Brussels, 34th EPRA meeting, Brussels 5-7 October 2011, 2, www.epra.org.¶

Furnémont, J.F., “Establishment: editorial responsibility and effective control” in Nikoltchev S. (ed.), IRIS Special: Ready, set… Go? – The audiovisual media services directive, Strasbourg, European Audiovisual Observatory, 2009, 47-53.¶

Gibbons, T., “Jurisdiction over (television) broadcasters: criteria for defining ‘broadcaster’ and ‘content service provider’” in EMR (ed.), The future of the television without frontiers directive, Vol. 29, EMR Series, Baden-Baden, Nomos, 2005, 58-60.¶

Gillies, L.E., “Addressing the ‘Cyberspace fallacy’: Targeting the jurisdiction of an electronic consumer contract”, International journal of law and information technology 2008, Vol. 16, No. 3, 242-269. ¶

Hermanns, O., and Matzneller, P., “Whose boots are made for walking? Regulations of on-demand audiovisual services” in Nikoltchev, S. (ed.), IRIS Special: The regulation of on-demand audiovisual services: chaos or coherence?, Strasbourg, European Audiovisual Observatory, 2011, 7-29.¶

Harrison, J., and Woods, L., “Jurisdiction, forum shopping and the race to the bottom’ in Harrison, J., and Woods, L., European broadcasting law and policy, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2007, 173-193.¶

Herold, M., “Country of origin principle in the EU market for audiovisual media services: consumer's friend or foe?”, Journal of Consumer Policy  2008, 5, 12-16.¶

Hörnle, J., “Country of origin regulation in cross-border media: One step beyond the freedom to provide services?’, International and comparative law quarterly, Vol. 54, January 2005, 89-126.¶

Janssen, M., “New services and scope: what’s in, what’s out revisited – The Belgian CSA recommendation”, 35th EPRA meeting, Portoroz, 31 May 2012,www.epra.org.¶

Krieps, T., “Jurisdiction and co-operation: the example of Luxembourg”, in Nikoltchev, S. (ed.), IRIS Special: Ready, set… Go? – The audiovisual media services directive, Strasbourg, European Audiovisual Observatory, 2009, 97-101.¶

Layton, A., and Parry, A.M., “Extraterritorial jurisdiction – European responses”, Houston Journal of International Law 2004, Vol. 26.2, 309-325.¶

Leitner, L., and Valgaeren, E., “The new audiovisual media services directive and its addressees: how will the industry tackle its new challenges?” in Nikoltchev, S. (ed.), IRIS Special: The regulation of on-demand audiovisual services: chaos or coherence?, Strasbourg, European Audiovisual Observatory, 2011, 79-85.¶

Machet, E., “New media & regulation: towards a paradigm shift? New services and scope: What’s in, what’s out revisited”, Comparative background document to 35th EPRA meeting, Portoroz, 31 May 2012, 15, www.epra.org¶

Machet, E., “Content Regulation and new Media: Exploring Regulatory Boundaries between Traditional and new Media”, Background document Plenary session 33rd EPRA meeting, Ohrid, 26-27 May 2011, www.epra.org.¶

McGonagle, T. and Van Loon, A., “Jurisdiction over broadcasters in Europe: Report on a round-table discussion”, in Nikoltchev, S. (ed.), IRIS Special: Jurisdiction over broadcasters in Europe, Strasbourg, European Audiovisual Observatory, 2002, 1-21.¶

Mir, J.B, “Legislators’ and regulators’ expectations in the field of on-demand audiovisual media services” in Nikoltchev, S. (ed.), IRIS Special: The regulation of on-demand audiovisual services: chaos or coherence?, Strasbourg, European Audiovisual Observatory, 2011, 95-100.¶

Patrikios, A., “Chapter 5: application of the law”, in Ustaran, E. (ed.), European privacy: law and practice for data protection professionals,  Portsmouth (USA), International Association of Privacy Professionals, 2011, 65-79.¶

Schulz, W., and Heilman, S., “Editorial responsibility: notes on a key concept in the regulation of audiovisual media services”, in Nikoltchev, S. (ed.), IRIS Special: Editorial responsibility, Strasbourg, European Audiovisual Observatoary, 2008, 1-30.¶

Themelis, A., “The Internet, jurisdiction and EU competition law: the concept of ‘over-territoriality’ in addressing jurisdictional implications in the online world”, World Competition 2012, Volume 35, issue 2, 325-353.¶

Valcke, P., and Ausloos, J., “Audiovisual Media Services 3.0: (Re)Defining the scope of European broadcasting law in a converging and connected media environment”, in Donders, K., Pauwels, C., and Loisen, J., (eds.) Handbook on European media policy, Palgrave, 2013 (forthcoming,), 1-17.¶

Valcke, P., and Ausloos, J., “Television on the Internet: challenges for audiovisual media policy in a converging media environment”, 1-19 (unpublished draft).¶

Valcke, P., and Dommering, E.J., “Commentary on the E-Commerce Directive”, in Castendyk, O., Dommering, E.J., and Scheuer, A. (eds.), European Media Law, Alphen a/d Rijn, Kluwer Law International, 2008, 1081 – 1107.¶

Valcke, P., and Stevens, D., “Graduated regulation of ‘regulatable’ content and the European Audiovisual Media Services Directive: One small step for the industry and one giant leap for the legislator?”, Telematics and Informatics 2007, 285-302.¶

Van Calster, G., “Geschillen rond elektronische handel: toepasselijk recht en territoriale bevoegdheid”, in P. Van Eecke (ed.), Recht en elektronische handel,, Brussels, Larcier, 337-360.¶

Verweij, J., “YouTube en de Richtlijn audiovisuele mediadiensten”, Mediaforum 2011, nr. 4, 105-113.

5.3.3 Position papers

Cable Europe, “Cable delivers Connected TV”, 7 June 2012, www.cable-europa.eu;

EBU, “Principles for Internet Connected and Hybrid Television in Europe”, 15 April 2011, www.ebu.ch.

EGTA, “position paper on Connected Television”, November 2012, www.egta.com.

NEM, “Connected TV Position Paper”, December 2012, www.nem-initiative.org.