Bibliografie
Boeken en brochures
ARNOLD, G., Mercenaries: the scourge of the third world, Basingstoke, Macmillan, 1999,
XIII, 198 p.
DAVIS, J. R., Fortune’s Warriors, Vancouver, Douglas & McIntyre, 2002, 228 p.
GAULTIER, L., HOVESPIAN, G., RAMACHANDRAN, A., WADLEY, I. en ZERHOUD, B.,
The mercenary issue at the UN commission on human rights: the need for a new approach,
Londen, International Alert, 2001, 44 p.
HEIRMAN, M., Oorlog en vrede in 1997, Antwerpen, IPIS, 1998, 57 p.
LILLY, D., The privatization of security and peacebuilding: a framework for action, Londen,
International Alert, 2001, 39 p.
Mercenaries: an African security dilemma, MUSAH, A. en FAYEMI, J. (eds.), London, Pluto
press, 2000, XV, 334 p.
Peace, profit or plunder? The privatisation of security in war-torn african societies, CILLIERS,
J. en MASON, P. (eds.), South Africa, ISS, 1999, 245p.
PELEMAN, J., Sierra Leone en de diamanthuurlingen, Antwerpen, IPIS, 1998, 76 p.
PUGH, M., COOPER, N., en GOODHAND, J., War economies in a regional context:
challenges of transformation, Boulder, Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2004, 273 p.
RIPLEY, T., Mercenaries. Soldiers of Fortune, Bristol, Parragon, 1997, 96 p.
SHEARER, D., Private armies and military intervention, Oxford, IISS, Adelphi papers no.
316, 1998, 88p.
SINGER, P.W., Corporate Warriors, The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry, Ithaca,
Cornell University Press, 2003, 330 p.
ii
SPICER, T., An Unorthodox Soldier. Peace and war and the Sandline Affair, Edinburgh,
Mainstreeam Publishing, 1999, 240 p.
THOMSON, J., Mercenaries, pirates, and sovereigns: State building and extraterritorial
violence in early modern Europe, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1994, 219 p.
VAN CREVELD, M., The transformation of war, New York, The Free Press, 1991, 254 p.
VAUX, T., SEIPLE, C., NAKANO, G. en VAN BRABANT, K., Humanitarian action and private
security companies: opening the debate, Londen, International Alert, 2002, 34 p.
X, SIPRI Yearbook 2000: Armaments, disarmament and international security, Oxford,
Oxford University Press, 2000, 770 p.
X, SIPRI Yearbook 2004: Armaments, disarmament and international security, Oxford,
Oxford University Press, 2004, 859 p.
Tijdschrift- en krantenartikels
ADAMS, T.,’The new mercenaries and the privatization of conflict’, Parameters, Summer
1999, 103-116
ANING, E.K., ’Africa’s security in the new millennium: State or mercenary induced stability?’,
Conflict Trends, juni 2000, 30-32
BAFFOUR, A., ’Are mercenaries helping ECOMOG?’, New African, 1997, no. 358, 17-18
BAFFOUR, A., ’Sierra Leone. How the good guys won’, New African, 1998, no. 365, 8-11
BOYNE, S., ’The White Legion: mercenaries in Zaïre’, Jane’s Intelligence Review, 1997, no.
6, 278-281
BROERE, K., ëInternationaal tribunaal gaat in Sierra Leone hoofdverdachten van
burgeroorlog berechten’, De Volkskrant, 17 februari 2005, p.12
BROOKS, D. en SOLOMON, H., ëEditorialí, Conflict Trends, juni 2000, 1-2
iii
BROOKS, D., ’Write a cheque, end a war: using private military companies to end African
Conflicts’, Conflict Trends, juni 2000, 33-35
CORDUWENER, J., ’Rambo te huur (niet duur)’, Internationale samenwerking, 2003, nr. 7-8,
16-21
CROLS, F., ’Diamant, duivels en huurlingen’, Trends, 2000, 8 juni, 9
CULLEN, P., ’Keeping the new dog of war on a tight leash: Assessing means of
accountability for private military companies’, Conflict Trends, juni 2000, 36-39
DRAULANS, D., ëEen handelaar in oorlogí, Knack, 16 mei 2001, 20
DUFFY, M., ’When private armies take to the front lines’, Time, 12 april 2004, p.32
DUPONT, P., ’Daar komt de NV Oorlog’, De Morgen, 8 februari 2003, p.21
ERO, C., ’Vigilantes, civil defence forces and militia groups: the other side of the privatisation
of security in Africa’, Conflict Trends, juni 2000, 25-29
FRANCIS, D., ’Mercenary intervention in Sierra Leone: providing national security or
international explotation?’, Third World Quarterly, 1999, nr. 2, 319-338
GOULET, Y., ’Executive Outcomes: mixing business with bullets’, Jane’s Intelligence Review,
1997, no. 9, 426-430
HOWE, H., ’African private security’, Conflict Trends, juni 2000, 22-24
KOKNAR, A.M., ’Terror on the High Seas’, Security Management, 2004, 6, 75-81
LONCIN, J., ëTel je winst!í, Het Nieuwsblad, 9 juli 2005, p.19
MISSER, F., ’De handel volgt het zwaard’, Knack, 12 november 1997
MISSER, F., ’Op avontuur in Afrika’, Knack, 5 februari 1997
iv
O’BRIEN, K., ’Freelance forces: exploiters of old or new-age peacebrokers’, Jane’s
Intelligence Review, 1998, no. 8, 42-46
PELEMAN, J. en MISSER, F., ’Veiligheid te koop’, De Wereld Morgen, 1998, nr.6, 4-9
PELEMAN, J., ’Huurlingen veroveren de wereld. Operatie oester, reconstructie van een
interventieklus’, Onze Wereld, 1997, nr. 12, 20-25
POLAK, L., ’Leger te huur’, Kijk, 2004, nr. 10, 30-35
POLAK, L., ’Soldaten zonder grenzen’, Kijk, 1999, nr. 4, 4-8
POLMAN, L., ’Nigerianen klaren de klus’, Internationale Samenwerking, 2003, september,
42-43
RABAEY, M., ’Huurlingen bewaken tankers tegen terreur’, De Morgen, 9 oktober 2002, p.11
RENO, W., ’Privatizing war in Sierra Leone’, Current History, 1997, no. 610, 227-230
ROMMERS, W., ’De nieuwe ’huurlingen’’, Het Nieuwsblad, 12 september 2004, p.13
RONSE, T., ’Kunnen we nee zeggen tegen de geprivatiseerde oorlog?’, De Groene
Amsterdammer, 23 augustus 2003
RONSE, T., ’Zonder regels, zonder toezicht’, Knack, 13 augustus 2003, 82
SCHUITEN, J., ’De nieuwe huurlingen’, Knack, 2004, nr. 19, 110-115
SHEARER, D., ’Dial an army’, The world today, 1997, no. 8-9, 203-205
SHEARER, D., ’Outsourcing War’, Foreign Policy, 1998, nr. 112, 68-81
SHIPPEY, E.L., ’Combat contractors’ deadly convoys’, Soldier of Fortune, september 2004,
30-31
SINGER, P.W., ’Corporate warriors: the rise and ramifications on the privatized military
industry’, International Security, 26, 3, winter 2001-2002, 186-220
v
SINGER, P.W., ’Peacekeepers, Inc.’, Policy Review, juni 2003, no.119, 59
SINGER, P.W., ’Should humanitarians use private military services?’, Human Affairs Review,
2004, Summer, 14-17
SINGER, P.W., ’War, Profits, and the Vacuum of Law: Privatized Military Firms and
International Law’, Colombia Journal of Transnational Law, 2004, 521-550
TAULBEE, J.L., ’Reflections on the mercenary option’, Small wars and insurgencies, 1998,
vol.9, no.2, 145-163
TRAYNOR, I., ’Privésector rukt op in oorlogsvoering’, The Guardian, vertaald en
gepubliceerd in De Standaard, 24 december 2003, p.7
VAN OVERWALLE, K., ’De privatisering van de oorlog’, De Tijd, 7 juni 2003, p.1
VENTER, A., ’Mercenaries or security man?’, New African, 1998, augustus, 14-16
VINES, A., ’War number four. Angola’, The world today, 1999, no. 6, 24-25
VUYLSTEKE, C., ’Sierra Leone’s Papa is overleden’, De Morgen, 31 juli 2003, p.10
X, ’Can we control the dogs of war?’, New African, 1998, no. 363, 14-18
X, ’Dood Savimbi doet hoop op vrede in Angola groeien’, De Standaard, 25 februari 2002,
p.6
X, ’Executive Outcomes houdt het voor bekeken’, De Tijd, 12 december 1998
X, ’Ex-rebellenleider Sierra Leone Foday Sankoh’, De Standaard, 31 juli 2003, p.7
X, ’Huurlingenleger EO goedkoper en efficiënter dan VN’, De Morgen, 12 mei 2000, p.9
X, ’Huurlingenleger Executive Outcomes houdt ermee op’, De Morgen, 12 december 1998,
p.12
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ZARATE, J.C., ’The emergence of a new dog of war: private international security
companies, international law, and the new world disorder’, Stanford Journal of International
Law, 1998, nr.34, 75-161
ZIARCZYK, E., ëHalliburton ligt weer onder vuur voor kosten Irakí, De Tijd, 29 juni 2005, p.5
Internetartikels
AVANT, D. (06/2000) ëPrivatizing military trainingí [www]. Foreign Policy in Focus:
http://www.fpif.org/pdf/vol5/17ifmil.pdf [18/12/2004]
AVANT, D. (08/2004) ëThink Again: Mercenariesí [www]. Foreign Policy:
http://www.foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=2577&popup_delayed=1 [18/12/2004]
BAUM, D. (z.d.) ’This Gun For Hire’ [www]. Wired:
http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/11.02/gunhire_pr.html [10/10/2004]
BEDARD, P. (29/7/2002) ëA bounty hunt for Bin Laden yields heads, earsí [www]. U.S News
and World Report:
http://www.usnews.com/usnews/politics/whispers/articles/020729/archive_…
[09/07/2005]
CAMPBELL, D. (10/30/2002) ’Marketing the New ’Dogs of War’’ in Making a Killing: The
Business of War [www]. International Consortium of Investigative Journalism:
http://www.publicintegrity.org/bow/report.aspx?aid=149 [3/12/2004]
CHATTERJEE, P. (27/05/2005) ëHalliburton hearing unearths new abuseí [www]. Corpwatch:
http://www.corpwatch.org/article.php?id=12476 [16/07/2005]
GEORGE, B. en COOPER S.H. (z.d.) ëThe regulation of Private Military Companies: A
reaction to the Foreign Office Green Paperí [www]. The United Kingdom Parliament:
http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200102/cmselect/cmfaff/922/2…
[18/12/2004]
HOLMQVIST, C. (01/2005). ’Private Security Companies: the case for regulation’, SIPRI
Policy Paper No. 9 [www]. SIPRI: http://editors.sipri.se/pubs/SIPRI_PolicyPaper9.pdf
[28/04/2005]
vii
ISENBERG, D. (30/04/2003) ëThere’s no business like security businessí [www]. Asia Times
Online: http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/ED30Ak03.html [3/12/2004]
LOCK, P. (z.d) ëMilitary downsizing and the growth in the security industryí [www]. Peter
Lock: http://www.peter-lock.de/txt/southanew.html [19/02/2005]
O’BRIEN, K. (2002) ëPrivate military companies: options for regulationí [www]. Foreign and
Commonwealth Office: http://www.fco.gov.uk/Files/kfile/pmcobrien.pdf [18/12/2004]
O’MEARA, K.P. (29/04/2002) ëBroken Wingsí [www]. Insightmagazine:
http://www.insightmag.com/global_user_elements/printpage.cfm?storyid=22…
[18/12/2004]
PETERSON, L. (z.d.) ëWindfalls of war: Kellogg Brown & Root (Halliburton)í [www]. The
Center for Public Integrity: http://www.publicintegrity.org/wow/bio.aspx?act=pro&ddlC=31
[16/07/2005]
PETERSON, L. (10/28/2002) ’Privatizing Combat, the New World Order’ in Making a Killing:
The Business of War [www]. International Consortium of Investigative Journalism:
http://www.publicintegrity.org/bow/report.aspx?aid=148 [3/12/2004]
VAN NIEKERK, P. (10/28/2002) ’Making a Killing: the Business of War’ in Making a Killing:
The Business of War [www]. International Consortium of Investigative Journalism:
http://www.publicintegrity.org/bow/report.aspx?aid=147 [3/12/2004]
WILLIAMS, B. (z.d) ëWindfalls of war: Military Professional Resources Inc.í [www]. The
Center for Public Integrity: http://www.publicintegrity.org/wow/bio.aspx?act=pro&ddlC=39
[16/07/2005]
X (13/02/2002) ëPeacekeeping ’role’ for mercenariesí [www]. BBC News:
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/1817495.stm [18/12/2004]
X (z.d.) ’Harvard World Model United Nations conference paper: The mercenary question in
Africa’ [www]. Sandline: http://www.sandline.com/hotlinks/article6.html [18/12/2004]
viii
Internetbronnen
Algemeen
International Peace Operations Association
http://www.ipoaonline.org
Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
http://www.sipri.org
Webpage Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights on use of mercenaries
http://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/mercenaries/standards.htm
PMFís en gerelateerde bedrijven
Armorholdings
http://www.armorholdings.com
CSC
http://www.csc.com
Greystone
http://www.greystone-ltd.com
Halliburton
http://www.halliburton.com
L-3 Communications
http://www.l-3com.com
MPRI
http://www.mpri.com
Northrop Grumman
http://www.northropgrumman.com
ix
Sandline
http://www.sandline.com/site
Vinnell
http://www.vinnell.com
Wetgeving
Internationaal Verdrag tegen de aanwerving, het inzetten, de financiering en de opleiding van
huurlingen, aangenomen te New York op 4 december 1989
Aanvullend Protocol bij de Verdragen van Genève van 12 augustus 1949, betreffende de
bescherming van slachtoffers van internationale gewapende conflicten (Protocol I), 8 juni
1977
Convention of the OAU for the elimination of mercenarism in Africa, 3 juli 1972, van kracht
op 22 april 1985
Wet ertoe strekkende het Belgische recht in overeenstemming te brengen met het
Internationaal Verdrag tegen aanwerving, het inzetten, de financiering en de opleiding van
huurlingen, aangenomen te New York op 4 december 1989, B.S. 23 juni 2003
Wet houdende instemming met het Internationaal Verdrag tegen de aanwerving, het
inzetten, de financiering en de opleiding van huurlingen, opgemaakt te New York op 4
december 1989, B.S. 17 oktober 2002
Arms Export Control Act, United States of America, 1976, Title 22, Chapter 39
Regulation of Foreign Military Assistance Act, Republic of South Africa, 1998
Private military companies: options for regulation (ëThe Green Paperí), House Of Commons,
United Kingdom, 12 februari 2002
Andere
E-mailcorrespondentie met Doug Brooks, voorzitter van de International Peace Operations
Association, april 2005
E-mailcorrespondentie met Kevin OíBrien, lid van de onafhankelijke denktank RAND Europe
en specialist op het gebied van PMFís, april 2005
ISENBERG, D., ’Have lawyer, accountant, and guns, will fight: The new post-Cold War
mercenaries’, paper voorbereid voor de Getting guns of the streets of the Global Village
conferentie, gepresenteerd op 19 februari 1999 op de International Studies Association
Convention.
MARKUSEN, A., ’The case against privatizing national security’, paper gepresenteerd aan de
universiteit van Oklohoma op 20 maart 2001
SPEARIN, C., ’A private security panacea? A response to mean times on securiting the
humanitarian space’, Canadian centre for Foreign Policy Development, paper voorgedragen
op het studentenseminarie van de universiteit van British Columbia, 30 april - 5 mei 2000
United Nations Press Release (20/08/2004): ’Shaista Shameem appointed special rapporteur
on the use of mercenaries’
WALKER, C., ’War for hire? Accountability for private military companies’, paper
gepresenteerd op de International Society for the reform of the criminal law te Montreal in
augustus 2004