Primaire bronnen
Monografiën
BECKER, J., La Vie en Afrique, ou: Trois ans dans l’Afrique centrale, 2 delen, Brussel, 1887.
CONRAD, J., HEIJNE, B. (uitgever), Hart der Duisternis [oorspronkelijke titel: Heart of Darkness (1902)], Amsterdam, 2007.
HINDE, S.L., The fall of the Congo Arabs, London, 1897.
STANLEY, H.M., In Darkest Afrika or the Quest Rescue and Retreat of Emin Governor of Equatoria, 2 delen, London, 1890.
STANLEY, H.M., Trough the Dark Continent or the Sources of the Nile, around the Great Lakes of Equatorial Africa and down the Livingstone River to the Atlantic Ocean, 2 delen, London, 1878.
Kranten
Le Précurseur, Antwerpen, 1890-1894.
L’Indépendance Belge, Brussel, 1890-1984.
Secundaire literatuur
ANDERSON, B., Imagined Communities: reflection on the origin and spread of nationalism, London, 1991.
BIERMAN, J., Dark Safari: The life behind the legend of Henry Morton Stanley, New York, 1990.
BRANTLINGER, P., Rule of Darkness: British literature and imperialism, Ithaca, N.Y., 1990.
BRISTOW, J., Empire boys: adventures in a man’s world, London, 1991.
CAIN, P.J., Imperialism: critical concepts in historical studies, London, 2001.
CEULEMANS, P., La question Arabe et le Congo, 1883-1892, Bruxelles, 1959.
COOMBES, A.E., Reinventing Africa: museums, material culture and popular imagination in late Victorian and Edwardian England, New Haven, 1994.
CORBEY, R., Wildheid en beschaving: de Europese verbeelding van Afrika, Baarn, 1989.
DE BENS, A., De pers in België, Tielt, 2001.
DELATHUY, A.M., De Kongostaat van Leopold II: Het verloren paradijs, 1876-1900, Antwerpen, 1989.
DELPAR, H., The discoverers: An encyclopedia of explorers and exploration, New York, 1980.
DRIVER, F., Geography Militant: Cultures of Exploration and Empire, Massachusetts, 2001.
DRIVER, F., ‘Henry Morton Stanley and His Critics: Geography, Exploration and Empire’, in: Past and Present, nr. 33, pp. 134-166, Oxford, 1991.
DRIVER, F., Tropical Visions in an Age of Empire, Chicago, 2005.
DUNAE, P.A., ‘Boy’s Literature and the Idea of Empire, 1870-1914’, in: Victorian Studies, vol. 24, nr. 1, Victorian Imperialism, pp. 102-121, Indiana, 1980.
FABIAN, J., Out of our minds. Reason and madness in the exploration of Central Afrika, London, 2000.
FABIAN, J., ‘Remembering the Other: Knowledge and Recognition in the Exploration of Central Africa’, in: Critical Inquiry, vol. 26, nr. 1, pp. 49-69, Chicago, 1999.
FAGE, J.D., The Cambridge History of Africa, deel VI, Cambridge,1986.
GANN, L.H., The Rulers of Belgian Africa, 1884-1914, Princeton, 1979.
HONOLD, A., Kolonialismus als Kultur: Literatur, Medien, Wissenschaft in der deutschen Gründezeit des Fremden, Tübingen, 2002.
LEE, D., Slavery and the Romantic imagination, Philadelphia, 2002.
MACKENZIE, J.M., Propaganda and empire. The manipulation of British public opinion: 1880-1960, Manchester, 1984.
MACKENZIE, J.M., Imperialism and popular culture, Manchester, 1986.
MARECHAL, P., De "Arabische" campagne in het Maniema-gebied, 1892-1894: situering binnen het kolonisatieproces in de onafhankelijke Kongostaat, Tervuren, 1992.
NEWMAN, P., Stanley: Ontdekkingsreiziger in Afrika, Tielt, 2006.
NUSSBAUM, F.A., ‘Slavery, Blackness, and Islam: The Arabian Nights in the Eighteenth Century’, in: CAREY, B., KITSON, P.J., Slavery and the Cultures of Abolition: essays marking the Bicentennial of the British Abolition Act of 1807, Cambridge, 2007.
NYS, L. e.a., De zieke natie: over de medicalisering van de samenleving, 1860-1914, Groningen, 2002.
PRATT, M.L., Imperial eyes: travel writing and transculturation, London, 1992.
SAID, E., Cultuur en Imperialisme, Amsterdam, 1994.
SAID, E., Orientalism, London, 1995.
SEWELL, Jr., W.H., ‘The concept(s) of culture’, in: SPIEGEL, G.M., Practicing History: New Directions in Historical Writing after the Linguistic Turn, New York, 2005.
SIMPSON, D.H., Dark Companions: The African Contribution to the European Exploration of East-Africa, London, 1975.
STAFFORD, B.M., Voyage into substance: art, science, nature, and the illustrated travel account, 1760-1840, Cambridge, 1984.
SURUN, I., ‘L’exploration de l’Afrique au XIX siècle: une histoire précoloniale au regard des postcolonial studies’, Revue d’histoire de XIX siècle, 2006-32, Varia, online: 12 juli 2006, URL: http://rh19.revues.org/document1089.html, geraadpleegd op 19 maart 2008.
VANGROENWEGHE, D., Voor rubber en ivoor: Leopold II en de ophanging van Stokes. Leuven, 2005.
VON DER DUNK, H.W., In het huis van de herinnering: een cultuurhistorische verkenning, Amsterdam, 2007.
WHITE, A., Joseph Conrad and the Adventure Tradition: Constructing and Deconstructing the Imperial Subject, Cambridge, 1993.
YOUNGS, T., Travellers in Africa: British Travelogues, 1850-1900, Manchester, 1994.