Books and (online) journal articles and papers
Allen, R. (1996). As The World Turns: Television Soap Operas and Global Media Culture. In: E. McAnany and K. Wilkinson, ed., 1st ed. Mass Media and Free Trade. NAFTA and the Cultural Industries: University of Texas Press.
Antoine, F. (2001). Luxembourg. In: L. d'Haenens and F. Saeys, ed., Western Broadcasting at the Dawn of the 21st Century, 1st ed. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Antoine, F., d'Haenens, L. and Saeys, F. (2001). Belgium. In: L. d'Haenens and F. Saeys, ed., Western Broadcasting at the Dawn of the 21st Century, 1st ed. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Aslama, M. & Syvertsen T. (2006). Policies of Reduction or Renewal? European Public Service Broadcasting in the New Media Era. In: U. Carlsson, ed., Radio, TV & Internet in the Nordic Countries. Meeting the Challenges of New Media Technology, 1st ed. Goteborg: Livréna AB.
Avery, R. (1993). Public service broadcasting in a multichannel environment. New York: Longman.
Bauwens, J. (2007). De openbare televisie en haar kijkers: oude liefde roest niet?. In: A. Dhoest and H. Van den Bulck, ed., Publieke televisie in Vlaanderen: een geschiedenis, 1st ed. Gent: J. Story-Scientia bvba Wetenschappelijke Boekhandel.
Beauvisage, T., & Beuscart, J. (2013). Understanding and Decreasing the Network Footprint of Catch-up TV. Proceedings Of The 22Nd International Conference On World Wide Web, 22(1), 461-462. Retrieved from http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/2190000/2188077/p461-beauvisage.pdf?ip=…
Betzel, M. (2003). Programme performance of public service broadcasting and its mission in the digital age. 1st ed. [eBook] Available at: http://epra3-production.s3.amazonaws.com/attachments/files/1354/origina… [Accessed 11 Dec. 2015].
Bignell, J. and Fickers, A. (2008). A European television history. Malden: Wiley-Blackwell.
Biltereyst, D. (1995). Hollywood in het avondland. Over de onafhankelijkheid en de impact van Amerikaanse televisie in Europa. Brussel: VUBPRESS.
Biltereyst, D. (2001). Reappraising European Policies to Protect Local Television Content against US Imports. In: L. d'Haenens and F. Saeys, ed., Western Broadcasting at the Dawn of the 21st Century, 1st ed. Berlin: Mouton De Gruyter.
Brants, K. & De Bens, E. (2000). The Status of TV Broadcasting in Europe. In: P. Dahlgren, G. Murdock and J. Wieten, ed., Television Across Europe. A comparative introduction, 1st ed. California: SAGE Publications.
Castille, V. (2001). The 'Television Without Frontiers' Directive. Mainstream and Independent European Broadcasting in the Digital Age. In: L. d'Haenens and F. Saeys, ed., Western Broadcasting at the Dawn of the 21st Century, 1st ed. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Coleman, J. & Rollet, B. (1996). Television and Europe. Oxford: Intellect.
Dahlgren, P. (2000). Key trends in European television. In: P. Dahlgren, G. Murdock and J. Wieten, ed., Television Across Europe. A comparative introduction, 1st ed. California: SAGE Publications.
De Bens, E. (1991). De BRT in de pre-VTM-fase: de aanzet tot de dallasificatie van de Vlaamse kijker. In: L. Beheydt, ed., Taal en omroep, 1st ed. Rijswijk: Enroprint BV.
Ferenčuhová, M. (2010). Presenting history on Slovak television. In: S. Fenati, ed., History on television in seven East Europe countries, 1st ed. Bologna: Centro stampa regionale.
Finnemann, N. (2006). The Internet and the Public Space. In: U. Carlsson, ed., Radio, TV & Internet in the Nordic Countries. Meeting the Challenges of New Media Technology, 1st ed. Goteborg: Livréna AB.
Flemish Government,. (2015). Beheersovereenkomst 2016 - 2020 tussen de Vlaamse Gemeenschap en de VRT. Brussels.
Foster, P. (2016). BBC told to stop race for ratings. The Daily Telegraph, p.1.
Harvey, S. (2000). Channel Four Television: From Annan to Grade. In: E. Buscombe, ed., British Television. A reader., 1st ed. New York: Oxford University Press Inc.
Hester, J., & Dougall, E. (2007). The Efficiency of Constructed Week Sampling for Content Analysis of Online News. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 84(4), 811-824. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769900708400410
Hickethier, K. (2008). Early TV. Imagining and realizing television. In: J. Bignell and A. Fickers, ed., A European Television History, 1st ed. Malden: Wiley-Blackwell.
Hultén, O. and Brants, K. (1992). Public service broadcasting: reactions to competition. In: K. Siune and W. Treutzschler, eds., Media Policy. London: Sage.
Jauert, P., Poulson, I. and Søndergaard, H. (2007). Denmark. In: L. d'Haenens and F. Saeys, ed., Western Broadcast Models: Structure, Conduct, and Performance, 1st ed. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Juneau, P. (2000). PUBLIC BROADCASTING: WHY? HOW? 1st ed. [eBook] Québec: UNESCO, pp.4-8. Available at: http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/files/18796/11144252115pb_why_how.pdf/pb… [Accessed 24 Nov. 2015].
Kerff, M. and Smeets, M. (2004). De jaren '60. Antwerpen: Garant.
Lange, A. (2015). Fiction on European TV channels (2006-2013). Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
Meijer, I. (2005). Impact or Content?: Ratings vs Quality in Public Broadcasting. European Journal of Communication, 20(1), pp.27-53.
Mihelj, S. (2012). Television Entertainment in Socialist Eastern Europe: Between Cold War Politics and Global Developments. In: A. Imre, T. Havens and K. Lustyk, ed., Popular Television in Eastern Europe During and Since Socialism, 1st ed. London: Routledge.
Moran, A. (2000). Popular Drama: Travelling Templates and National Fictions. In: P. Dahlgren, G. Murdock and J. Wieten, ed., Television Across Europe. A comparative introduction, 1st ed. California: SAGE Publications.
Murdock, G. (2000). Digital Futures: European Television in the Age of Convergence. In: P. Dahlgren, G. Murdock and J. Wieten, ed., Television Across Europe. A comparative introduction, 1st ed. California: SAGE Publications.
Nencioni, G., Sastry, N., Chandaria, J., & Crowcroft, J. (2013). Understanding and Decreasing the Network Footprint of Catch-up TV. Proceedings of The 22nd International Conference On World Wide Web, 22(1), 965-975. Retrieved from http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/2490000/2488472/p965-nencioni.pdf?ip=13…
Papathanassopoulos, S., Coen, S., Curran, J., Aalberg, T., Rowe, D., & Jones, P. et al. (2013). Online Threat, But Television is Still Dominant. Journalism Practice, 7(6), 690-704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2012.761324
Philippot, J. and Deltenre, I. (2012). Empowering Society: Declaration on the Core Values of Public Service Media. 1st ed. [eBook] Le Grand-Saconnex: EBU. Available at: http://www3.ebu.ch/files/live/sites/ebu/files/Publications/EBU-Empoweri… [Accessed 24 Nov. 2015].
Ros, G. and Thomass, B. (2007). The Federal Republic of Germany. In: L. d'Haenens and F. Saeys, ed., Western Broadcast Models: Structure, Conduct, and Performance, 1st ed. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Saeys, F. (2007). Statuut, organisatie en financiering van de openbare televisieomroep in Vlaanderen. In: A. Dhoest and H. Van den Bulck, ed., Publieke televisie in Vlaanderen: een geschiedenis, 1st ed. Gent: J. Story-Scientia bvba Wetenschappelijke Boekhandel.
Sanz, E., (2012). Statistical, Ecosystems and Competitiveness Analysis of the Media and Content Industries: European Television in the New Media Landscape. [online] Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. Available at: http://is.jrc.ec.europa.eu/pages/ISG/documents/TVReportwithnewcoverrevp… [Accessed 2 Dec. 2015].
Scannell, P. (2000). Public Service Broadcasting: The History of a Concept. In: E. Buscombe, ed., British Television. A reader., 1st ed. New York: Oxford University Press Inc.
Schulz, E. (2000). Television Audiences. In: P. Dahlgren, G. Murdock and J. Wieten, ed., Television Across Europe. A comparative introduction, 1st ed. California: SAGE Publications.
Svendsen, E. N. (2011). Two Steps Towards a Public Value Test. Danish Public Service Broadcasting Between Two Lines of Control. In: K. Donders and H. Moe, ed., Exporting The Public Value Test. The Regulation of Public Broadcasters' New Media Services Across Europe, 1st ed. Göteborg: Nordicom.
Van den Bulck, H. (2007). Het beleid van de publieke televisie: van hoogmis van de moderniteit naast postmodern sterk merk?. In: A. Dhoest and H. Van den Bulck, ed., Publieke televisie in Vlaanderen: een geschiedenis, 1st ed. Gent: J. Story-Scientia bvba Wetenschappelijke Boekhandel.
Vanhaeght, A., Ruelens, S., Coppens, P., Claessens, N., Van der Burg, M. and Ichau, E. (2015). Benchmark van de publieke omroep in Europa: een analyse van het aanbod, financiering en publieksbereik. [online] Brussel: VUBPress. Available at: https://cjsm.be/media/sites/cjsm.media/files/public/rapport_benchmark-v… [Accessed 4 Dec. 2015].
Varis, T. (1985). International flow of television programmes. 1st ed. [eBook] Paris: Unesco. Available at: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0006/000687/068746eo.pdf [Accessed 26 Nov. 2015].
Vinsze, T. (2010). History on Hungarian Television: an introduction. In: S. Fenati, ed., History on television in seven East Europe countries, 1st ed. Bologna: Centro stampa regionale.
Websites, news articles and press releases
Barb.co.uk, (2015). Viewing summary - BARB. [online] Available at: http://www.barb.co.uk/whats-new/monthly-viewing-summary?_s=4 [Accessed 10 Dec. 2015].
Bonte, L. (2003). 50 jaar televisie. Het kijkonderzoek: van meet- tot beleidsinstrument. De Standaard. [online] Available at: http://www.standaard.be/cnt/dst24092003_066 [Accessed 24 Mar. 2016].
Debackere, J. (2015). Zo ziet het transformatieplan van de VRT eruit. De Morgen. Retrieved from http://www.demorgen.be/tvmedia/zo-ziet-het-transformatieplan-van-de-vrt…
Digital Agenda for Europe, (2015). Contributions and preliminary trends of the Public consultation on Audiovisual Media Services (AVMSD) - Digital Agenda for Europe - European Commission. [online] Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/en/news/contributions-and-prelimina… [Accessed 11 Dec. 2015].
Dutch Advertising Code Authority, (2011). The Dutch advertising code. Information about the working procedures of the advertising code committee and the board of appeal. 1st ed. [ebook] Amsterdam. Available at: https://www.reclamecode.nl/bijlagen/20110515_NRC_Engels.pdf [Accessed 13 Jan. 2016].
(EBU), E. (2015). EBU - Public service media. [online] Www3.ebu.ch. Available at: http://www3.ebu.ch/about/public-service-media [Accessed 24 Nov. 2015].
Electronic Communications Committee (ECC) within the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT), (2006). Analysis of Responses on Fees for Broadcasting and Fees for Non-Commercial and Passive Services. [online] Available at: http://www.cept.org/documentation/docs/doc98/official/pdf/ECCREP084.PDF [Accessed 5 Dec. 2015].
Elola, J. (2015). What now for Spain’s public broadcaster?. El País. [online] Available at: http://elpais.com/m/elpais/2015/03/16/inenglish/1426498650_303671.html [Accessed 4 Dec. 2015].
Epra.org,. (2003). Naples - WG 1: Programme Performance of PSB - Background Paper. Retrieved 13 January 2016, from http://www.epra.org/attachments/naples-wg-1-programme-performance-of-ps…
europa.eu, (2015). Audiovisual and media. [online] Available at: http://europa.eu/pol/av/index_en.htm [Accessed 11 Dec. 2015].
European Commission, (2013). Green Paper. Preparing for a Fully Converged Audiovisual World: Growth, Creation and Values. 1st ed. [eBook] Available at: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52013DC023… [Accessed 11 Dec. 2015].
European Union, (2010). DIRECTIVE 2010/13/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 10 March 2010 on the coordination of certain provisions laid down by law, regulation or administrative action in Member States concerning the provision of audiovisual media services (Audiovisual Media Services Directive). 1st ed. [eBook] Available at: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32010L0013… [Accessed 11 Dec. 2015].
Foster, P. (2015). BBC's 'intensely competitive' scheduling damaging our Dramas, ITV says. The Daily Telegraph. [online] Available at: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/bbc/12014890/BBCs-intensely-competitive… [Accessed 10 Dec. 2015].
Het Laatste Nieuws, (2010). RTBF verandert van naam en wordt RTBF.BE. [online] Available at: http://www.hln.be/hln/nl/4125/Internet/article/detail/1053681/2010/01/1… [Accessed 28 Mar. 2016].
International-television.org, (2007). International comparison of TV Ratings & TV Audience Measurement Research Boards and Institutes - International Television Expert Group (itve.org). [online] Available at: http://www.international-television.org/tv_audience_measurement_researc… [Accessed 10 Dec. 2015].
Jaarverslag 2014. (2014). [online] Available at: http://www.vrt.be/sites/default/files/attachments/VRT_jaarverslag_2014… [Accessed 4 Dec. 2015].
Leath, W. (2015). Goodbye Texas, hello Woking!. The Guardian. [online] Available at: http://www.theguardian.com/stage/2006/nov/14/theatre.pantoseason [Accessed 26 Nov. 2015].
Mavise, (2015). TV and on-demand audiovisual services in Hungary. [online] Available at: http://mavise.obs.coe.int/country?id=16 [Accessed 26 Nov. 2015].
Minister of Media Sven Gatz & the VRT,. (2015). Vlaamse regering & VRT akkoord over beheersovereenkomst. Retrieved from http://www.vrt.be/nieuws/2015/12/vlaamse-regering-en-vrt-akkoord-over-b…
Plumer, B. (2012). Why exactly should the government fund PBS and NPR?. The Washington Post. [online] Available at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2012/10/10/why-exactly-shou… [Accessed 24 Mar. 2016].
Polyák, G. (2015). Hungary: New Amendment to the Media Act. [online] Merlin. Available at: http://merlin.obs.coe.int/iris/2015/2/article22.en.html [Accessed 26 Nov. 2015].
Rens, T. and Van Poucke, S. (2016). Tot 215 banen op de helling bij VRT. [online] Deredactie.be. Available at: http://deredactie.be/cm/vrtnieuws/cultuur%2Ben%2Bmedia/media/1.2639948 [Accessed 12 May 2016].
Storvik-Green,. (2015). Nearly 200 million people watch Eurovision 2015. Eurovision.tv. Retrieved 20 January 2016, from http://www.eurovision.tv/page/news?id=nearly_200_million_people_watch_e…
Valtioneuvosto.fi, (2015). Anne Berner. Minister of Transport and Communications. [online] Available at: http://valtioneuvosto.fi/en/sipila/minister-of-transport-and-communicat… [Accessed 26 Nov. 2015].
Van den Berghe, L. (2010). Kenmerken van het management van de VRT als NV van publiek recht. De raad van bestuur en de relatie tot de politiek. (1st ed.). Gent. Retrieved from http://lib.ugent.be/fulltxt/RUG01/001/490/828/RUG01-001490828_2011_0001…
Var.be,. (2016). Var - Boodschappen van Algemeen Nut. Retrieved 13 January 2016, from http://www.var.be/nl/boodschappenvanalgemeennut
Vrt.be,. (2016). De beheersovereenkomst | VRT. Retrieved 13 January 2016, from http://www.vrt.be/opdracht/de-beheersovereenkomst
Vrt.be,. (2016). De financiën | VRT. Retrieved 13 January 2016, from http://www.vrt.be/opdracht/de-financiering
Vrt.be. (2015). Hoe belangrijk zijn kijkcijfers voor de VRT? | VRT. [online] Available at: http://www.vrt.be/faq/hoe-belangrijk-zijn-kijkcijfers-voor-de-vrt [Accessed 10 Dec. 2015].
Vrt.be,. (2016). About our brands | VRT. Retrieved 13 January 2016, from http://www.vrt.be/en/about-our-brands
Vrt.be. (2016). Who is who | VRT. Retrieved 13 January 2016, from http://www.vrt.be/en/who-who
Willems, F. (2015). Gatz: "VRT moet samenleving en mediasector versterken". [online] deredactie.be. Available at: http://deredactie.be/cm/vrtnieuws/cultuur%2Ben%2Bmedia/media/1.2394311 [Accessed 11 Dec. 2015]