Bibliography
Legislation
§1 Europe
Council Regulation (EC) No 207/2009 of 26th February 2009 on the Community trade mark, Pb. L. 24th April 2009, 78, 1-42.
Benelux Convention on Intellectual Property (Trademarks and Designs) of February 25th 2005.
Commission Regulation (EC) No 753/2002 of 29th April 2002 laying down certain rules for applying Council Regulation (EC) No 1493/1999 as regards the description, designation, presentation and protection of certain wine sector products, OJ L 118, 4.5.2002, 1-76.
§2 United Kingdom
Practice Amendment Notice PAN 12/06, issued 13th June 2006 as to replace paragraphs 27
to 27.4 of the Work Manual, www.ipo.gov.uk.
§3 United States
Lanham Act of 1946, sections 2 and 3, 15 U.S.C. §§ 1051-1127, ch 540, 60 Stat. 427, 1988 & Supp. V 1993
Case law
§1 Europe
European Court of Justice
ECJ 5th July 2012, Audi & Volkswagen/OHIM, C-467/11 P (‘TDI’) (Disposal).
ECJ 9th September 2010, OHIM/BORCO, C-265/09, (‘α’).
ECJ 2Oth September 2007, Nestlé/OHIM, C‐193/06 P, not published in the ECR.
ECJ 7th September 2006, Bovemij/BOIP, C-108/05 (‘Europolis’).
ECJ 22nd June 2006, August Storck/OHIM, C-25/05 P (candy shape).
ECJ 9th March 2006, Matratzen Concord AG/Hukla Germany SA, C-421/04, ECR 2006,
I-02303, (‘Matratzen’).
ECJ 5th October 2004, Alcon/OHIM, C-192/03 P (‘BSS’).
ECJ (6th Chamber) 29th April 2004, Björnekulla Fruktindustrier AB/Procordia Food AB, C-371/02, ECR 2004, I-5811-5821 (‘Bostongurka’).
ECJ 12th February 2004, Campina Melkunie BV/Benelux-Merkenbureau, C-265/00 (‘Biomild’).
ECJ 12th February 2004, Koninklijke KPN Nederland/Benelux-Merkenbureau, C-363/99, ECR 2004, I-1619, (‘Postkantoor’).
ECJ 23rd October 2003, WM Wrigley Jr Company/OHIM, C-191/01, ECR 2003, I-12447 ‘Doublemint’).
ECJ 12th December 2002, Sieckmann/OHIM, C-273/00, ECR 2002, I-11737.
ECJ 18th June 2002, Philips Electronics/Remington, C-299/99 (shape shaver).
ECJ 20th September 2001, Procter & Gamble/OHIM, C-383/99 P (‘Baby-Dry’).
ECJ 4th May 1999, Windsurfing Chiemsee/Huber, C-108/97 and C-109/97 (‘Chiemsee’).
European General Court
GC (1st Chamber) 14th May 2013, Masottina SpA/OHIM – Bodeags Cooperativas de
Alicante Coop V, T-393/11 (‘CA’MARINA’).
GC (6th Chamber) 21st March 2013, Event/OHIM - CBT Comunicación Multimedia,
T-353/11, (‘Eventer Event Management Systems’).
GC (1st Chamber) 8th March 2013, Mayer Naman/OHMI - Daniel e Mayer, T-498/10
(‘David Mayer’).
GC (2nd Chamber) 6th February 2013, Maharishi Foundation/OHIM, T-426/11 (‘méditation transcendantale’) and T-412/11 (‘transcendental meditation’).
GC (7th Chamber) 1st February 2013, Coin/OHIM – Dynamiki Zoi, T-272/11 (‘fitcoin’).
GC (4th Chamber) 8th February 2013, BSH/OHIM, T-625/11 (‘ecoDoor’).
GC (7th Chamber) 1st February 2013, Ferrari/OHIM, T-104/11, (‘perle’).
GC (5th Chamber) 31st January 2013, Present-Service Ullrich/OHIM - Punt Nou, T-66/11 (‘babilu’).
GC (5th Chamber) 31st January 2013, KS Sports Europe/OHIM – Karhu Sports Ibérica, T-54/12, (‘Sport’).
GC (4th Chamber) 15th January 2013, BSH/OHIM, T-625/11 (‘ecoDoor’).
GC (4th Chamber) 13th November 2012, Tesa/OHIM – Superquímica, T-555/11, (‘Tesa
Tack’).
GC (8th Chamber) 18th September 2012, Scandic Distilleries/OHIM – Bürgerbräu, Röhm
und Söhne, T-460/11 (‘Bürger’).
GC (7th Chamber) 13th September 2012, Sogepi Consulting y Publicidad/OHIM, T-72/11
(‘Espetec’).
GC (5th Chamber) 12th September 2012, Duscholux Ibérica/OHIM – Duschprodukter
Skandinavien AB, T-295/11 (‘duschy’).
GC (8th Chamber) 13th June 2012, Organismos Kypriakis Galaktokomikis
Viomichanias/OHIM – Garmo, T-534/10 (‘Hellim’).
GC (1st Chamber) 25th May 2012, Nike/OHIM - Intermar Simanto Nahmias, T-233/10
(‘JUMPMAN’).
GC (2nd Chamber) 31st January 2012, Cervecería Modelo/OHIM – Plataforma Continental, T‐205/10 (‘La Victoria De Mexico’), not published in the ECR.
GC (2nd Chamber) 18th January 2012, Tilda Riceland Private/OHIM – Siam Grains, T-304/09 (‘BASmALI’).
GC (3rd Chamber) 5th October 2011, PAKI Logistics/OHIM, T-526/09 (‘PAKI’).
GC (3rd Chamber) 6th July 2011, Audi & Volkswagen/OHIM, T-318/09 (‘TDI’).
GC (2nd Chamber) 7th June 2011, Psytech International Ltd/OHIM - Institute for Personality & Ability Testing Inc, T-507/08, (‘16PF’).
GC (4th chamber) 17th May 2011, Consejo Regulador de la Denominacion de Origen Txakoli de Alava and Others/OHIM, T-341/09 (‘Txakoli’).
GC (3rd Chamber) 17th May 2011, Diagnostiko kai Therapeftiko Kentro Athinon “Ygeia”/OHIM, T-7/10 (‘υγεία’).
GC (4th Chamber) 12th April 2011, Euro-Information/OHIM, T-28/10, (‘Euro Automatic Payment’).
GC (5th Chamber) 16th December 2010, Deutsche Steinzeug Cremer & Breuer/OHIM, T-281/09 (‘Chroma’).
GC (4th Chamber) 6th March 2012, ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe v OHIM, T-565/10
(‘Highprotect’), not published in the ECR.
GC (8th Chamber) 9th December 2010, Liz Earle Beauty/OHIM, T-307/09 (‘Naturally Active’).
GC (8th Chamber) 9th December 2010, Earle Beauty/OHIM, T‐486/08 (‘Superskin’).
GC (8th Chamber) 9th December 2010, Tresplain Investments/OHIM - Hoo Hing, T-303/08
(‘Golden Elephant Brand’).
GC (2nd Chamber) 25th February 2010,
GC (8th Chamber) 20th January 2010, Nokia/OHIM – Medion, T-460/07 (‘Life Blog’).
GC (7th Chamber) 11th June 2009, Last Minute Network/OHIM - Last Minute Tour,
T-115/07 (‘Last Minute Tour’).
GC (5th Chamber) 10th June 2009, Vivartia/OHIM - Kraft Foods Schweiz, T-204/06 (‘milko ΔΕΛΤΑ’).
GC (6th Chamber) 29th April 2009, BORCO-Marken-Import Mattthiesen/OHIM, T- 23/07, ECR II-861 (‘α’).
GC (8th chamber) 19th November 2008, Rautaruukki/OHIM, T-269/06 (‘Rautaruukki’), II-273.
GC (8th chamber) 26th November 2008, New Look/OHIM, T-435/07 (‘New Look’).
GC (5th Chamber) 15th October 2008, Powerserv Personalservice/OHIM & Manpower, T-405/05 (‘Manpower’). üGC (8th Chamber) 19th June 2008, Mülhens/OHMI - Spa Monopole, T-93/06, (‘GC (3rd Chamber) 12th March 2008, Compagnie générale de diététique SAS/OHIM, T-341/06 (‘garum’).
üGC (8th Chamber) 12th March 2008, Suez/OHIM, T-128/07 (‘Delivering the essentials of life’).
GC (5th Chamber) 20th November 2007, Tegometall International AG/OHIM, T-458/05 (‘TEK’).
GC (5th Chamber) 18th October 2007, Ekabe International/OHIM - Ebro Puleva, T-28/05 (‘Omega 3’).
GC (4th Chamber) 12th September 2007, ColArt/Americas/OHIM, T-164/06 (‘Basics’).
GC (1st Chamber) 12th September 2007, Koipe/OHIM - Aceites del Sur, T-363/04 (‘La Española’).
Lancôme/OHIM – CMS Hasche Sigle, T-160/07, ECR II-1733 (‘Color Edition’).
GC (5th Chamber) 12th June 2007, MacLean-Fogg/OHIM, T-339/05 (‘Lokthread’).
GC (2nd Chamber) 17th October 2006, Hammarplast/OHIM - Steninge Slott, T-499/04
(‘Steninge Slott’).
GC (5th Chamber) 7th September 2006, Meric/OHIM – Arbora & Ausonia, T‐133/05
(‘Pam-Pim’s Baby‐Prop’) ECR II‐2737.
GC (3rd Chamber) 3rd May 2006, Eurohypo/OHIM, T-439/04 (‘Eurohypo’).
GC (3rd Chamber) 15th September 2005, Citicorp/OHIM, T-320/03 (‘Live Richly’).
GC (4th Chamber) 22nd June 2005, Metso Paper Automation/OHIM, T‐19/04 (‘Paperlab’), ECR 2005, II‐2383.
GC (2nd Chamber) 25th May 2005, TeleTech Holdings/OHIM - Teletech International, T-288/03 (‘Teletech Global Ventures’).
GC (4th Chamber) 9th March 2005, Osotspa/OHIM - Distribution & Marketing, T-33/03, (‘Hai’).
GC (2nd Chamber) 8th July 2004, MLP Finanzdienstleistungen/OHIM, T-270/02 (‘bestpartner’).
GC (2nd Chamber) 29th April 2004, Eurocermex/OHIM, T-399/02 (shape beer bottle).
EGC (4th Chamber) 17th March 2004, El Corte Inglés/OHIM – Gonzaléz Ckla Germany, T-6/01, ECR 2002, II-4335 (‘Matratzen’).
GC (2nd Chamber) 5th March 2003, Alcon/OHIM, T-237/01 (‘BSS’). GC (4th chamber) 27th February 2002, Streamserve/OHIM, T-106/00 (‘Streamserve’). üGC (4th Chamber) 5th December 2000, Messe München/OHIM, T-32/00 (‘electronica’).
Office for the Harmonisation of the Internal Market
R 413/2009-1 (‘David Mayer’), decision of 26th July 2010.
R 485/2009-2 (‘Putkireformi’), decision of 25th June 2009.
R 808/2006-4 (‘α’), decision of 30th November 2006. üR 746/2005-4 (‘Tikka Tikka’), decision of 31st March 2006.
R 312/2010-2 (‘Espetec’) OHIM Boards of Appeal, decision of 12th November 2010, Yearly Overview, Decisions of the Boards of Appeal 2010.
§2 Belgium
Cass 27th May 2011, C.10.0131.N.
Brussel 13th October 2009, ICIP 2009, 4, 600.
§3 Germany
German Supreme Court, Case I ZR 23/02.
§4 Switzerland
Swiss Federal Supreme Court decision ATF 120 II 144 (‘Yeni Raki’).
§5 Australia
Burgoyne's, 6 RPC 227.
Pianotist Co’s Application, 33 RPC 774.
Smitsvonk, 72 RPC 117. üSimplug, (1957) RPC 173.
Wacker-chemie, (1957) RPC 278.
§6 United States
Anheuser-Busch, Inc./Stroh Brewery Co., 750 F.2d 631, 641-42 (8th Cir. 1984).
Dadirrian/Yacubian, 98 F. 872, C.A.1, 1900.
Enrique Bernat F., S.A./Guadalajara, Inc., 210 F.3d 439, (5th Cir. 2000).
General Cigar Co./G.D.M. Inc., 988 F. Supp. 647, 660 (S.D.N.Y. 1997).
In re Thomas, 9 U.S.P.Q.2d 1021, 1024 (T.T.A.B. 2006).
In re Savisa (Pty.) Ltd., Ser. No. 78154196, 2005 TTAB LEXIS 91, at *6-12 (Feb 24th 2005).
In re Spirits Int’l, N.V., 563 F.3d 1347, 1352 (Fed. Cir. 2009).
La Peregrina, Thomas , 79 USPQ2d at 1021.
Otokoyama Co., Ltd/Wine of Japan Import Inc., 175 F.3d 266 (2d Cir. 1999).
Palm Bay Imports Inc/Veuve Clicquot Ponsardin Maison Fondee en 1772, 396 F.3d 1369,
1377 (Fed Circuit 2005).
Seiko Sporting Goods USA, Inc./Kabushiki Kaisha Hattori Tokeiten, 545 F. Supp. 221, 226 (S.D.N.Y. 1982).
Legal doctrine
§1 Europe
CREECH, R., Law and Language in the European Union: the Paradox of a Babel United in Diversity, European Law Publishing, 2005, 176p.
DE SCHRYVER, C., "Inburgering van een gemeenschapsmerk: waar?" in IRDI 2013-1, 7p.
DE SCHRYVER, C., Het gebruik van het Gemeenschapsmerk vanuit geografisch perspectief: inburgering, bekendheid en normaal gebruik, master thesis Law KULeuven, 2011-2012, 91p, http://oami.europa.eu.
GIELEN CH. and VON BOMHARD V. (eds), Concise European Trade Mark and Design Law, Wolters Kluwer, Alphen aan den Rijn, 2011, xv+598.
GORDON, R. G. (ed), Ethnologue: Languages of the World, SIL International 2005, 1272p.
GOTZEN, F. and JANSSENS, M.-C., Wegwijs in het intellectueel eigendomreccht, Brugge, Vanden Broele, 2009, xvii+315.
GOTZEN, F. and JANSSENS, M.-C. (eds), Handboek merkenrecht (Benelux, communautair, internationaal) in Centrum voor intellectuele rechten (CIR), ep 22, Brussel, Bruylant,
2012, 321.
HAARMANN, H., www.ieg-ego.eu.
HANDLER, M., “The distinctive problem of European trade mark law”, 27(9) European Intellectual Property Review 2005, 306-312.
HORNSBY, M. and AGARIN, T., “The end of minority languages? Europe’s regional languages in perspective” in JEMIE 2012, 88-116.
MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND COMPETITION LAW, Study on the Overall Functioning of the European Trade Mark System, 15th February 2011,
http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/indprop/docs/tm/20110308_allensbach…, 146.
MILLS, R., “Registration of terms borrowed from another language”, 1(7) Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice (2006), 437.
OHIM MANUAL CONCERNING PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE OFFICE FOR HARMONIZATION IN THE INTERNAL MARKET (TRADE MARKS AND DESIGNS), PART B – Examination, most
recently revised on 15th September 2010, 16p.
EUROBAROMETER, 2006, http://ec.europa.eu/languages/languages-of-europe/eurobarometer-survey_….
European Commission survey carried out in 2012, Europeans and their languages, 147p.
KEELING, D. T., “About Kinetic watches, easy banking and nappies that keep a baby dry: a review of recent European case law on absolute grounds for refusal to register trade marks” in Intellectual Property Quarterly 2003, 131-162.
PHILIPS, J., Trade marks at the limit, Cheltenham, Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, 2006, 285p.
PHILLIPS, J., Trade Mark Law – A Practical Anatomy, Oxford, Oxford University Press 2003, 832p.
RÄIKKÖNEN, E-L., “A Brave New World: A Neologism’s Dangerous Path to EU Trade Mark Registration”, IRDI 2011, 303-319.
RÄIKKÖNEN, E-L., A Brave New Word: A Neologism’s Dangerous Path to EU Trade Mark Registration, master thesis Law KULeuven, 2010-2011, 50p, http://oami.europa.eu
Speaking for Europe: Languages in the European Union, European Commission Directorate-General for Communication, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2008 Luxembourg.
STUDY ON THE OVERALL FUNCTIONING OF THE EUROPEAN TRADE MARK SYSTEM (ALLENBACH STUDY), presented by Max Planck Institute for Intellectual Property and
Competition Law Munich, 15th November 2011, xi+279p.
Intellectual Property Office, Trade Mark Manual, http://www.ipo.gov.uk/tmmanual- chap3-exam.pdf.
VANHEES, H., “Boekbespreking: Handboek merkenrecht (Benelux, communautair, internationaal)” in RW 2010, ep 33, 1408.
§2 Australia
TMO Manual of Practice and Procedure, http://xeno.ipaustralia.gov.au/D:/Exmanual/cnts-num.htm.
§3 United States
BOWMAN, E. E., “Trademark Distinctiveness in a Multilingual Context: Harmonization of the Treatment of Marks in the European Union and the United States” in San Diego International Law Journal (2003), 513-522.
Examination Guide 1-08 The Doctrine of Foreign Equivalents and Likelihood of Confusion, USPTO, Issued 23th April 2008, III, http://www.uspto.gov/trademarks/resources/exam/examguide1_08.jsp.
GERRY, J. and RUBINO, C. (eds), Facts About the World’s Languages: An Encyclopedia of the World’s Major Languages, Past and Present, 2001, 465p.
MCGEVEREN, W. (ed), World Almanac and Book of Facts 2004, World Almanac 2004, 1008p.
SCHECHTER, R. and THOMAS, J., Trademark Distinctiveness in a Multilingual Context: Harmonization of the Treatment of Marks in the European Union and the United States, San Diego Int’l LJ, Vol 4 513, 2003, 521p.